Subordinate Judicial Officers – Statistics

Since June of 1998, the commission has shared authority with the superior courts for the discipline of subordinate judicial officers (SJO’s), attorneys employed by California’s state courts to serve as court commissioners and referees. In 2025, there were 200 authorized subordinate judicial officer positions in California.

2025 Statistics

Complaints Received and Investigated

In 2025, the commission reviewed 78 new complaints about subordinate judicial officers. Because the superior courts were required to conduct the initial investigations, the commission’s function primarily entailed reviewing the local courts’ actions to determine whether there was any basis for further investigation or action by the commission.

In 2025, the commission commenced one preliminary investigations.

Cases Concluded
In 2025, the commission concluded its review of 82 complaints involving subordinate judicial officers. The commission closed 78 of these matters after initial review because it determined that the superior courts’ handling and disposition of the complaints were adequate and that no further proceedings were warranted. Following investigation, the commission imposed one private admonishment, one public admonishment, and closed one case without discipline.

At the end of the year, one matter remained pending before the commission.